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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a psychiatric disorder in children, characterized by persistently irritable or angry mood with recurrent, severe temper outbursts. DMDD is classified as a mood disorder in the fifth revision of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-5). Children with DMDD are at risk for depression in later childhood or adolescence. The symptoms of DMDD resemble those of other childhood disorders, notably attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and bipolar disorder in children. DMDD first appeared as a disorder in DSM-5 in 2013. Little is known about its course or etiology. Evidence-based treatments include medication to manage mood symptoms, behavior therapy to manage temper outbursts, and family therapy to address symptoms of depression.〔 〕 == Signs and symptoms == Most parents of children with DMDD report that their children first showed signs and symptoms of the disorder during the preschool years.〔 Children with DMDD show severe and recurrent temper outbursts. Although many children have occasional tantrums, youths with DMDD have outbursts that are out of proportion in terms of their intensity or duration.〔 〕 These outbursts can be verbal or behavioral. Verbal outbursts often are described by observers as "rages" or "fits". Children may scream, yell, and cry for excessively long periods of time, sometimes with little provocation. Physical outbursts may be directed toward people of property. Children may throw objects; hit, slap, or bite others; destroy toys or furniture; or otherwise act in a harmful or destructive manner. To be diagnosed with DMDD, these outbursts must occur, on average, three or more times per week.〔 Children with DMDD also display persistently irritable or angry mood that is observable by others. Parents, teachers, and classmates describe these children as habitually angry, touchy, grouchy, or easily "set off". Irritability is a feature of many childhood disorders; for example, children with ODD, anxiety disorders and other mood disorders (for example, major depressive disorder) can show irritability. However, the irritability or anger shown by children with DMDD is "persistent"; it is shown most of the day, nearly every day. Youths with DMDD do not show episodic irritability or anger; they have mood problems that have typically lasted for months or years.〔 DSM-5 includes several additional diagnostic criteria which describe the duration, setting, and onset of the disorder:〔 the outbursts must be present for at least 12 months and occur in at least two settings, and be severe in at least one setting. Symptoms appear before the age of ten, and diagnosis must be made between ages 6 and 18.〔Roy, A. K., Lopes, V., & Klein, R. G. (2014). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: a new diagnostic approach to chronic irritability in youth. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(9), 918-924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101301〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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